When mining coal seams in close proximity, the gob and residual coal pillars formed by the upper coal seam mining severely restrict the layout of the lower coal seam mining roadway and the stability of the surrounding rock. Taking the 14103 working face of Zhengli Coal Industry as the research object, a research method combining theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and on-site measurement was adopted to explore the reasonable layout and surrounding rock control technology of the lower coal seam mining roadway in the extremely close range downward mining of coal seams. The research results show that: ① The maximum depth of floor damage during the mining of the upper 4-1 coal seam is 11.46 meters, which is greater than the maximum distance of 8.75 meters between the 4-1 and 4 coal seams. The roof of the 4 coal seam has been damaged and broken, forming a fractured roof; ② The distance between the edge of the remaining coal pillars in the upper 4-1 coal seam and the stress reduction zone in the lower 4 coal seam is 6.01 meters, and the distance from the peak support pressure of the coal pillars in the lower 4 coal seam section to the coal pillar support of the mining roadway is 4.44 meters. Therefore, the width of the influence of the concentrated stress of the remaining coal pillars in the upper 4-1 coal seam and the mining induced stress in the lower 4 coal seam on the 4 coal seam is 13.20 meters The numerical simulation research results show that the maximum depth of damage to the bottom plate caused by the mining of the upper 4-1 coal seam is 16 meters, and the maximum width of damage is 15 meters. The stress concentration and plastic zone range of the surrounding rock of the lower 4 coal seam decrease with the increase of distance from the coal pillar. When the distance from the remaining coal pillar in the upper part is 15 meters, the stress concentration and plastic zone range tend to stabilize. Therefore, the reasonable layout position of the 4 coal seam mining roadway is determined to be 15 meters from the edge of the gob of the internally displaced 4-1 coal seam A joint support scheme of "anchor net cable+W steel strip+steel ladder beam" was proposed, and the on-site test results showed that the joint support scheme had a significant effect on controlling the deformation of the surrounding rock of the No. 4 coal seam mining roadway, ensuring the production safety of the No. 4 coal seam.